How did Saint Louis recover from the decline of its manufacturing industry?

@stephan 

Saint Louis has undergone a significant transformation to recover from the decline of its manufacturing industry. Here are some key factors and strategies that contributed to its recovery:

1. Diversification of Economy: The city recognized the need to diversify its economy beyond manufacturing and attract a range of industries. Efforts were made to promote sectors such as healthcare, biotechnology, education, information technology, and financial services. This diversification helped create new job opportunities and reduce dependence on a single industry.
2. Investment in Innovation and Research: Saint Louis invested in research and development, especially in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and medical research. This led to the establishment of research institutions, innovation districts, and technology parks, which attracted both startups and established companies. Prominent examples include the Cortex Innovation Community and the Danforth Plant Science Center.
3. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Support: The city fostered an entrepreneurial ecosystem by providing support to startups and small businesses. Initiatives like T-Rex, a downtown startup incubator, and grants for entrepreneurial ventures have encouraged innovation and attracted new businesses to the area.
4. Education and Workforce Development: Saint Louis focused on improving education and workforce development programs to meet the changing needs of the job market. Collaboration between educational institutions, such as the University of Missouri-St. Louis and Saint Louis University, and local businesses has resulted in tailored training programs and research partnerships.
5. Revitalization of Urban Areas: The renovation and development of neighborhoods and urban districts played a crucial role in attracting businesses and residents. The rehabilitation of historical buildings, promotion of cultural events, and creation of vibrant spaces like Washington Avenue and the Delmar Loop contributed to the city's appeal and revitalization.
6. Infrastructure Development: Investment in infrastructure, including improvements to transportation networks, public transportation systems, and recreational facilities, helped make the city more attractive to residents, workers, and businesses.
7. Collaboration and Public-Private Partnerships: The recovery of Saint Louis involved strong collaboration between government entities, private organizations, and community stakeholders. Public-private partnerships were formed to drive economic development, create job opportunities, and support initiatives like innovation districts and entrepreneurial programs.

These combined efforts have helped Saint Louis transition from its manufacturing-focused economy to a more diverse and innovative one, fostering economic growth and creating new opportunities for both businesses and residents.